Planetary Endgame
A Century of Weather-Related Disasters
Includes droughts, extreme temperatures, floods, landslides, waves & surges, wildfires and storms.
This chart illustrates a staggering fact: The last 30 years have yielded four times as many weather-related disasters as the first three quarters of the 20th century combined. Tornadoes, hurricanes, wildfires, floods. You might say that the earth is throwing ominous tantrums.
Unfortunately, our reaction to such natural outbursts – as well as to the problems of skewed data on CO2 emissions, resource annihilation, and latent toxicity in our land and water – hasn't spiked nearly as dramatically. Instead, we seem content to simply refine our existing patterns of consumption. If a mass-produced plastic label promises that a product is "green", we'll likely buy it and feel satisfied for having done our part.
We may owe our collective lack of environmental consciousness to the convenience of invisibility. We dispose of our waste in neat receptacles, rarely bearing witness to its grim deterioration. We marvel at the efficiency of the industrialized world yet seldom glimpse the colossal infrastructures that make such modern efficiencies possible.
But the taxing effects of the Western lifestyle are becoming more globally conspicuous than ever. And yet still, we're largely unable to admit to the problem. Perhaps the world is experiencing a complex state of collective denial?
American sociologist Kari Mari Norgaard recently spent a year in Bygdaby, a rural Norwegian community with a population of 14,000, where she interviewed locals about their perceptions and reactions to climate change. Though Bygdaby's inhabitants were surrounded by overwhelming evidence of global warming (abnormally high temperatures, an unfrozen lake, late snowfall and flooding), they tended to selectively "normalize" this knowledge and maintain distance from the issue by "participating in cultural norms and using a series of interpretative narratives to deflect disturbing information." In other words, the inhabitants of Bygdaby denied the problem despite the fact that they were directly confronted with its effects and, given their simplified rural lifestyles, likely bore only incidental responsibility for its existence. The bulk of accountability lies on the overgrown shoulders of the urbanized West where, having effectively rid our lives of nature, we are shielded from the effects global warming on the natural world.
As Norgaard notes in the study's conclusion: "Societal inequality helps to perpetuate environmental degradation, making it easier to displace visible outcomes and costs across borders of time and space, out of the way of those citizens who are most politically able to respond." In other words, while the citizens of a less destructive world are punished by the effects of our bad behavior, we in the industrialized West can go on about our way – ignoring a problem that is conveniently invisible.
- Sarah Nardi
According to the World Bank, global demand for water is doubling every twenty-one years, and water supplies, especially in the developing world, can’t keep up. The growing problem came into focus recently in South Africa.
Jennifer Makoatsane lives with eight other family members in Phiri, Soweto. They survive on her mother’s pension of approximately $115 a month. The family’s water is rationed through a prepayment meter, which means they receive a fixed amount of free water every month, but they must prepay for any additional water, something they can’t afford to do. Instead, every member of the household shares the bath water, and the toilet is flushed with water used for laundry or cleaning. Despite these conservation measures, her family usually has enough water for only half of the month.
In 2006, Makoatsane and five other residents filed suit against the city of Johannesburg and the Johannesburg water utility, alleging that prepayment meters are unconstitutional, and this past April a South African High Court ruled in their favor. Judge Moroa Tsoka ruled that the requirement to prepay for water, which applies only to households in poor, traditionally black areas, violates South Africa’s constitutional right to equality.
"The Constitution guarantees equality," Tsoka wrote. "It is therefore inexplicable why some residents of the city are entitled to water on credit plus free allocation of twenty-five liters per person per day or six kiloliters per household per month, yet the people of Phiri, are denied water on credit. In spite of the fact that they are poor, they are expected to pay for water before usage."
Poor households find themselves going weeks without access to water if they cannot purchase prepaid credits. Many residents claim that they are now worse off than during apartheid. One of the claimants, Vusimuzi Paki, recalled battling a shack fire to no avail because there were no funds left for water. Two children died in the fire.
Civic campaigners say prepayment meters and reduced access to water has contributed to public health problems throughout the country. Notably, a KwaZulu Natal project implemented in 2000 has been closely linked to a massive cholera outbreak that killed hundreds after communities turned to polluted rivers for drinking water when they could not afford the water from prepaid communal taps that used to be free.
Water activists around the world are celebrating the ruling and vowing to continue to challenge the use of prepayment meters and discrimination against the poor. Prepayment water meters have spread rapidly throughout Africa and are used in Tanzania, Lesotho, Namibia, Nigeria, Egypt and beyond. The newly formed African Water Network has made it a priority to combat the use of prepayment water meters. In Mumbai, India, activists have hailed the decision as they seek an end to prepayment meters in Mumbai’s slums.
Although one small victory in the fight against water rationing may have been won, there’s no long-term solution in sight for the overall problem of rapidly increasing demand for water. Even in the first world, where cheap access to water is taken for granted as fully as free access to air, we’re left to wonder if the current crisis in the poorer areas of Africa might represent the future of all mankind.
Maj Fiil-Flynn
A version of this article first appeared in Multinational Monitor.
26 comments on the article “Planetary Endgame”
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Anonymous
In your enthusiasm to use layers in the page code for a cool graphical layout, you overlaid the white text in the first item into the white background of the bar chart, rendering it unreadable.
Similar mess with the overlaid images/text throughout - it renders the actual article maddeningly difficult to actually read.
Not sure how you didn't realize this before publishing. Love the mag and site, regardless!
Anonymous
In your enthusiasm to use layers in the page code for a cool graphical layout, you overlaid the white text in the first item into the white background of the bar chart, rendering it unreadable.
Similar mess with the overlaid images/text throughout - it renders the actual article maddeningly difficult to actually read.
Not sure how you didn't realize this before publishing. Love the mag and site, regardless!
Anonymous
My computer is doing that as well, but as it seems that some others did not share in this it is probably an information problem of some sort between the server and our computers, not the actual layout of the site. Just highlight the obscured text.
Anonymous
My computer is doing that as well, but as it seems that some others did not share in this it is probably an information problem of some sort between the server and our computers, not the actual layout of the site. Just highlight the obscured text.
IwantADBUSTERSt...
design n layout look fine to me...
IwantADBUSTERSt...
design n layout look fine to me...
KK
On the home page above this article there is an image of a man on a bridge looking down. What is this image and who created it? Thank you. KK
KK
On the home page above this article there is an image of a man on a bridge looking down. What is this image and who created it? Thank you. KK
Admin
It is by the film studio Squint/Opera. The image is part of "London in 2090" series.
Abdul
It is by the film studio Squint/Opera. The image is part of "London in 2090" series.
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